@article {OTERO201642,
	title = {Finding informative code metrics under uncertainty for predicting the pass rate of online courses},
	journal = {Information Sciences},
	volume = {373},
	year = {2016},
	pages = {42 - 56},
	abstract = {A method is proposed for predicting the pass rate of a Computer Science course. Input data comprises different software metrics that are evaluated on a set of programs, comprising students{\textquoteright} answers to a list of computing challenges proposed by the course instructor. Different kinds of uncertainty are accepted, including missing answers and multiple responses to the same challenge. The most informative metrics are selected according to an extension to vague data of the observed Fisher information. The proposed method was tested on experimental data collected during two years at Oviedo University. Yearly changes in the pass rate of two groups were accurately predicted on the basis of 7 software metrics. 73 volunteer students and 1500 source files were involved in the experimentation.},
	keywords = {Automatic grading, feature selection, Genetic Fuzzy Systems, Low Quality Data, vague data},
	issn = {0020-0255},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2016.08.090},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020025516306715},
	author = {Jos{\'e} Otero and Luis Junco and Rosario Su{\'a}rez and Ana Palacios and In{\'e}s Couso and Luciano S{\'a}nchez}
}
@article {PALACIOS2015358,
	title = {Genetic learning of the membership functions for mining fuzzy association rules from low quality data},
	journal = {Information Sciences},
	volume = {295},
	year = {2015},
	pages = {358 - 378},
	abstract = {Many methods have been proposed to mine fuzzy association rules from databases with crisp values in order to help decision-makers make good decisions and tackle new types of problems. However, most real-world problems present a certain degree of imprecision. Various studies have been proposed to mine fuzzy association rules from imprecise data but they assume that the membership functions are known in advance and it is not an easy task to know a priori the most appropriate fuzzy sets to cover the domains of the variables. In this paper, we propose FARLAT-LQD, a new fuzzy data-mining algorithm to obtain both suitable membership functions and useful fuzzy association rules from databases with a wide range of types of uncertain data. To accomplish this, first we perform a genetic learning of the membership functions based on the 3-tuples linguistic representation model to reduce the search space and to learn the most adequate context for each fuzzy partition, maximizing the fuzzy supports and the interpretability measure GM3M in order to preserve the semantic interpretability of the obtained membership functions. Moreover, we propose a new algorithm based on the Fuzzy Frequent Pattern-growth algorithm, called FFP-growth-LQD, to efficiently mine the fuzzy association rules from inaccurate data considering the learned membership functions in the genetic process. The results obtained over 3 databases of different sizes and kinds of imprecisions demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.},
	keywords = {3-tuples linguistic representation, data mining, Fuzzy association rules, Genetic Fuzzy Systems, GM3M measure, Imprecise data},
	issn = {0020-0255},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2014.10.027},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S002002551401010X},
	author = {Ana Mar{\'\i}a Palacios and Jos{\'e} Luis Palacios and Luciano S{\'a}nchez and Jes{\'u}s Alcal{\'a}-Fdez}
}
@conference {6622420,
	title = {Engine Health Monitoring for engine fleets using fuzzy radviz},
	booktitle = {2013 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE)},
	year = {2013},
	month = {July},
	pages = {1-8},
	abstract = {A new algorithm for assessment of Engine Health Monitoring (EHM) data in aircraft is proposed. The diagnostic tool quantifies step changes, shifts and trends in EHM data by means of a transformation that aggregates concurrent readings of EHM data into a single fuzzy state. A Genetic Fuzzy System is used to detect the occurance of a specific trend of interest in the sequence of states. The activation of the rules is represented in a 2D map by means of an extension of the Radviz visualization algorithm to fuzzy data.},
	keywords = {2D map, aerospace engineering, aerospace engines, aircraft, Bandwidth, condition monitoring, data visualisation, diagnostic tool, EHM data, engine fleets, engine health monitoring, Engines, fault diagnosis, fuzzy data, fuzzy Radviz, fuzzy set theory, genetic algorithms, genetic fuzzy system, Genetic Fuzzy Systems, Low Quality Data, Maintenance engineering, Market research, mechanical engineering computing, Monitoring, Radviz visualization algorithm, rule activation, single fuzzy state, states sequence, Temperature measurement, Turbines},
	issn = {1098-7584},
	doi = {10.1109/FUZZ-IEEE.2013.6622420},
	author = {A. Mart{\'\i}nez and L. S{\'a}nchez and I. Couso}
}
@article {PALACIOS201210212,
	title = {Eliciting a human understandable model of ice adhesion strength for rotor blade leading edge materials from uncertain experimental data},
	journal = {Expert Systems with Applications},
	volume = {39},
	number = {11},
	year = {2012},
	pages = {10212 - 10225},
	abstract = {The published ice adhesion performance data of novel {\textquotedblleft}ice-phobic{\textquotedblright} coatings varies significantly, and there are not reliable models of the properties of the different coatings that help the designer to choose the most appropriate material. In this paper it is proposed not to use analytical models but to learn instead a rule-based system from experimental data. The presented methodology increases the level of post-processing interpretation accuracy of experimental data obtained during the evaluation of ice-phobic materials for rotorcraft applications. Key to the success of this model is a possibilistic representation of the uncertainty in the data, combined with a fuzzy fitness-based genetic algorithm that is capable to elicit a suitable set of rules on the basis of incomplete and imprecise information.},
	keywords = {fuzzy rule-based classifiers, Genetic Fuzzy Systems, Ice-phobic materials, Isotropic materials, Shear adhesion strength, vague data},
	issn = {0957-4174},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eswa.2012.02.155},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0957417412004186},
	author = {Ana M. Palacios and Jos{\'e} L. Palacios and Luciano S{\'a}nchez}
}
@conference {6007647,
	title = {Using the Adaboost algorithm for extracting fuzzy rules from low quality data: Some preliminary results},
	booktitle = {2011 IEEE International Conference on Fuzzy Systems (FUZZ-IEEE 2011)},
	year = {2011},
	month = {June},
	pages = {1263-1270},
	abstract = {When the Adaboost algorithm is used for extracting fuzzy rules from data, each rule is regarded as a weak learner, and knowledge bases as assimilated to ensembles. In this paper we propose an extension of this framework for obtaining fuzzy rule-based classifiers from imprecise data. In the new approach, the mentioned search of the best rule at each iteration is carried out by a genetic algorithm with a fuzzy fitness function. The instances will be assigned fuzzy weights, however each fuzzy rule will be associated to a crisp number of votes.},
	keywords = {Adaboost algorithm, Boosting, data handling, Electronic mail, fuzzy fitness function, fuzzy rule extraction, fuzzy rule-based classifiers, fuzzy set theory, Fuzzy systems, fuzzy weights, genetic algorithm, genetic algorithms, Genetic Fuzzy Systems, knowledge based systems, knowledge bases, learning (artificial intelligence), Low Quality Data, Merging, Optimization, pattern classification, Training},
	issn = {1098-7584},
	doi = {10.1109/FUZZY.2011.6007647},
	author = {A. M. Palacios and L. S{\'a}nchez and I. Couso}
}
@article {BERLANGA20101183,
	title = {GP-COACH: Genetic Programming-based learning of Compact and ACcurate fuzzy rule-based classification systems for High-dimensional problems},
	journal = {Information Sciences},
	volume = {180},
	number = {8},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {1183 - 1200},
	abstract = {In this paper we propose GP-COACH, a Genetic Programming-based method for the learning of COmpact and ACcurate fuzzy rule-based classification systems for High-dimensional problems. GP-COACH learns disjunctive normal form rules (generated by means of a context-free grammar) coded as one rule per tree. The population constitutes the rule base, so it is a genetic cooperative-competitive learning approach. GP-COACH uses a token competition mechanism to maintain the diversity of the population and this obliges the rules to compete and cooperate among themselves and allows the obtaining of a compact set of fuzzy rules. The results obtained have been validated by the use of non-parametric statistical tests, showing a good performance in terms of accuracy and interpretability.},
	keywords = {classification, Fuzzy rule-based systems, Genetic Fuzzy Systems, Genetic programming, High-dimensional problems, Interpretability-accuracy trade-off},
	issn = {0020-0255},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ins.2009.12.020},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0020025509005635},
	author = {F.J. Berlanga and A.J. Rivera-Rivas and M. J. del Jesus and F. Herrera}
}
@article {VILLAR2009250,
	title = {Taximeter verification using imprecise data from GPS},
	journal = {Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence},
	volume = {22},
	number = {2},
	year = {2009},
	pages = {250 - 260},
	abstract = {Until recently, local governments in Spain were using machines with rolling cylinders for testing and verification of taximeters. However, the tyres condition can lead to errors in the process and the mechanical construction of the test equipment is not compatible with certain vehicles. Thus, a new measurement device should be designed. In our opinion, the verification of a taximeter will not be reliable unless measurements taken on an actual taxi run are used. Global positioning system (GPS) sensors are intuitively well suited for this process, because they provide the position and the speed with independence from those car devices that are under test. Nevertheless, since GPS measurements are inherently imprecise, GPS-based sensors are difficult to homologate. In this paper we will show how these legal problems can be solved. We propose a method for computing an upper bound of the length of the trajectory, taking into account the vagueness of the GPS data. The uncertainty in the GPS data will be modelled by fuzzy techniques. The upper bound will be computed using a multiobjective evolutionary algorithm. The accuracy of the measurements will be improved further by combining it with restrictions based on the dynamic behavior of the vehicles.},
	keywords = {fuzzy fitness function, Genetic Fuzzy Systems, GPS, Metrology, vague data},
	issn = {0952-1976},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.engappai.2008.07.002},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0952197608001267},
	author = {Jos{\'e} Villar and Adolfo Otero and Jos{\'e} Otero and Luciano S{\'a}nchez}
}
@article {SANCHEZ2008607,
	title = {Mutual information-based feature selection and partition design in fuzzy rule-based classifiers from vague data},
	journal = {International Journal of Approximate Reasoning},
	volume = {49},
	number = {3},
	year = {2008},
	pages = {607 - 622},
	abstract = {Algorithms for preprocessing databases with incomplete and imprecise data are seldom studied. For the most part, we lack numerical tools to quantify the mutual information between fuzzy random variables. Therefore, these algorithms (discretization, instance selection, feature selection, etc.) have to use crisp estimations of the interdependency between continuous variables, whose application to vague datasets is arguable. In particular, when we select features for being used in fuzzy rule-based classifiers, we often use a mutual information-based ranking of the relevance of inputs. But, either with crisp or fuzzy data, fuzzy rule-based systems route the input through a fuzzification interface. The fuzzification process may alter this ranking, as the partition of the input data does not need to be optimal. In our opinion, to discover the most important variables for a fuzzy rule-based system, we want to compute the mutual information between the fuzzified variables, and we should not assume that the ranking between the crisp variables is the best one. In this paper we address these problems, and propose an extended definition of the mutual information between two fuzzified continuous variables. We also introduce a numerical algorithm for estimating the mutual information from a sample of vague data. We will show that this estimation can be included in a feature selection algorithm, and also that, in combination with a genetic optimization, the same definition can be used to obtain the most informative fuzzy partition for the data. Both applications will be exemplified with the help of some benchmark problems.},
	keywords = {feature selection, Fuzzy fitness, Genetic Fuzzy Systems, vague data},
	issn = {0888-613X},
	doi = {https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijar.2008.06.005},
	url = {http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0888613X08001102},
	author = {Luciano S{\'a}nchez and M. Rosario Su{\'a}rez and J.R. Villar and In{\'e}s Couso}
}
@article {4286977,
	title = {Advocating the Use of Imprecisely Observed Data in Genetic Fuzzy Systems},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems},
	volume = {15},
	number = {4},
	year = {2007},
	month = {Aug},
	pages = {551-562},
	abstract = {In our opinion, and in accordance with current literature, the precise contribution of genetic fuzzy systems to the corpus of the machine learning theory has not been clearly stated yet. In particular, we question the existence of a set of problems for which the use of fuzzy rules, in combination with genetic algorithms, produces more robust models, or classifiers that are inherently better than those arising from the Bayesian point of view. We will show that this set of problems actually exists, and comprises interval and fuzzy valued datasets, but it is not being exploited. Current genetic fuzzy classifiers deal with crisp classification problems, where the role of fuzzy sets is reduced to give a parametric definition of a set of discriminant functions, with a convenient linguistic interpretation. Provided that the customary use of fuzzy sets in statistics is vague data, we propose to test genetic fuzzy classifiers over imprecisely measured data and design experiments well suited to these problems. The same can be said about genetic fuzzy models: the use of a scalar fitness function assumes crisp data, where fuzzy models, a priori, do not have advantages over statistical regression.},
	keywords = {Bayesian methods, data handling, Design for experiments, discriminant function, fuzzy fitness function, fuzzy rule-based classifiers, fuzzy rule-based models, fuzzy rules, fuzzy set theory, Fuzzy sets, Fuzzy systems, genetic algorithm, genetic algorithms, genetic fuzzy classifiers, Genetic Fuzzy Systems, learning (artificial intelligence), linguistic interpretation, machine learning, machine learning theory, Parametric statistics, pattern classification, Robustness, scalar fitness function, statistical analysis, Stochastic resonance, vague data},
	issn = {1063-6706},
	doi = {10.1109/TFUZZ.2007.895942},
	author = {L. S{\'a}nchez and I. Couso}
}
@conference {4222979,
	title = {Modeling Vague Data with Genetic Fuzzy Systems under a Combination of Crisp and Imprecise Criteria},
	booktitle = {2007 IEEE Symposium on Computational Intelligence in Multi-Criteria Decision-Making},
	year = {2007},
	month = {April},
	pages = {30-37},
	abstract = {Multicriteria genetic algorithms can produce fuzzy models with a good balance between their precision and their complexity. The accuracy of a model is usually measured by the mean squared error of its residual. When vague training data is used, the residual becomes a fuzzy number, and it is needed to optimize a combination of crisp and fuzzy objectives in order to learn balanced models. In this paper, we will extend the NSGA-II algorithm to this last case, and test it over a practical problem of causal modeling in marketing. Different setups of this algorithm are compared, and it is shown that the algorithm proposed here is able to improve the generalization properties of those models obtained from the defuzzified training data.},
	keywords = {Additive noise, combination, Computer science, crisp objectives, defuzzified training data, fuzzy logic, fuzzy models, fuzzy objectives, Fuzzy systems, generalisation (artificial intelligence), generalization, genetic algorithms, Genetic Fuzzy Systems, Global Positioning System, mean squared error, multicriteria genetic algorithms, Noise measurement, NSGA-II algorithm, Position measurement, Probability distribution, Stochastic resonance, Training data, vague data modeling},
	doi = {10.1109/MCDM.2007.369413},
	author = {L. S{\'a}nchez and I. Couso and J. Casillas}
}
